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| notable_ideas = }} | influences = William Chomsky, Dwight Macdonald, Bertrand Russell, Alex Carey, Pāṇini, René Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Ludwig Wittgenstein, John Dewey, Zellig Harris, Mikhail Bakunin, Wilhelm von Humboldt,〔 Adam Smith, Peter Kropotkin,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://leftreferenceguide.wordpress.com/noam-chomsky-reading-list/ )〕 Rudolf Rocker, George Orwell, C. West Churchman, Alan Turing, W. V. O. Quine, Russian literature, Hebrew literature | influenced = Colin McGinn, Edward Said, Steven Pinker, John Searle, Daniel Dennett,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.uea.ac.uk/~j108/chomsky.htm )〕 Stephen Jay Gould,〔Gould, S. J. (1981). ("Official Transcript for Gould's deposition in McLean v. Arkansas". ) (Nov. 27).〕 Niels Kaj Jerne, Crispin Wright,〔 Norbert Hornstein, Morris Halle, Robert Fisk, Norman Finkelstein, Hugo Chávez, Michael Albert, Daniel Everett, Amy Goodman, Donald Knuth, John Backus,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://betanews.com/2007/03/20/john-w-backus-1924-2007/ )〕 Aaron Swartz, Ann Nocenti〔Keller, Katherine (November 2, 2007). ("Writer, Creator, Journalist, and Uppity Woman: Ann Nocenti" ). ''Sequential Tart''.〕 | website = }} Avram Noam Chomsky (; born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, logician,〔. Viewed July 15, 2012.〕〔. Viewed July 15, 2012.〕 political commentator, social justice activist, and anarcho-syndicalist advocate.〔Chomsky wrote the preface to an edition of Rudolf Rocker's book ''Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice''. In it Chomsky wrote: "I felt at once, and still feel, that Rocker was pointing the way to a much better world, one that is within our grasp, one that may well be the only alternative to the 'universal catastrophe' towards which 'we are driving on under full sail'..." Book Citation: Rudolph Rocker. ''Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice''. AK Press. p. ii. 2004.〕 Sometimes described as the "father of modern linguistics,"〔Thomas Tymoczko, Jim Henle, James M. Henle, ''Sweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic'', Birkhäuser, 2000, p. 101.〕 Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy.〔("Noam Chomsky" ), by Zoltán Gendler Szabó, in ''Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers, 1860–1960'', ed. Ernest Lepore (2004). "Chomsky's intellectual life had been divided between his work in linguistics and his political activism, philosophy coming as a distant third. Nonetheless, his influence among analytic philosophers has been enormous because of three factors. First, Chomsky contributed substantially to a major methodological shift in the human sciences, turning away from the prevailing empiricism of the middle of the twentieth century: behaviorism in psychology, structuralism in linguistics and positivism in philosophy. Second, his groundbreaking books on syntax (Chomsky (1957, 1965)) laid a conceptual foundation for a new, cognitivist approach to linguistics and provided philosophers with a new framework for thinking about human language and the mind. And finally, he has persistently defended his views against all takers, engaging in important debates with many of the major figures in analytic philosophy..."〕〔''The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy'' (1999), "Chomsky, Noam," Cambridge University Press, pg. 138. "Chomsky, Noam (born 1928), preeminent American linguist, philosopher, and political activist... Many of Chomsky's most significant contributions to philosophy, such as his influential rejection of behaviorism... stem from his elaborations and defenses of the above consequences..."〕 He has spent most of his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he is currently Institute Professor Emeritus, and is the author of more than 100 books. Many consider him a prominent cultural figure, and he was voted the world's "top public intellectual" in a 2005 poll. Born to a middle-class Jewish family in Philadelphia, Chomsky developed an early interest in anarchism from visiting relatives in New York City. At the age of sixteen he began studies in linguistics, mathematics, and philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, while from 1951 to 1955 he was appointed to Harvard University's elite Society of Fellows, where he developed the groundbreaking theory of generative grammar that served as his doctoral dissertation. In 1955 he began teaching at MIT, soon becoming a significant figure in the field of linguistics for his publications and lectures on the subject. He is credited as the creator or co-creator of the universal grammar theory, the Chomsky hierarchy, the Chomsky–Schützenberger theorem, and the minimalist program. Chomsky also played a major role in the decline of behaviorism, and was especially critical of the work of B.F. Skinner. In 1967 he entered the public consciousness through his vocal opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, in part through his essay ''The Responsibility of Intellectuals'', and came to be associated with the New Left while being arrested on multiple occasions for his anti-war activism. While expanding his work in linguistics over subsequent decades, he also developed the propaganda model of media criticism with Edward S. Herman. Following his retirement from active teaching, he has continued his vocal public activism, for instance supporting the anti-Iraq War and Occupy movements. Chomsky has been a highly influential academic figure throughout his career, and was cited within the field of Arts and Humanities more often than any other living scholar from 1980 to 1992. His work has impacted a wide range of domains, including artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, logic, mathematics, music theory and analysis,〔Baroni, M. and Callegari, L. (1982) Eds., Musical grammars and computer analysis. Leo S. Olschki Editore: Firenze, 201–218.〕〔Rohrmeier, Martin (2007). A generative grammar approach to diatonic harmonic structure. In Spyridis, Georgaki, Kouroupetroglou, Anagnostopoulou (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th Sound and Music Computing Conference, 97–100. http://smc07.uoa.gr/SMC07%20Proceedings/SMC07%20Paper%2015.pdf〕 political science, and psychology, and he is regarded as a paradigm shifter who "contributed substantially to a major methodological shift in the human sciences, turning away from the prevailing empiricism of the middle of the twentieth century."〔 Today, Chomsky has been described as "arguably the most important intellectual alive," and continues to be a well-known political activist, as well as a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy, neoliberal capitalism, and the mainstream news media. Ideologically, he aligns himself with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism. == Early life == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Noam Chomsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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